TRANSFORMATION OF COAL COMPANIES' BUSINESS MODELS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SDGS: EMPIRICAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

Аннотация

The global energy transition and tightening environmental regulations present unprecedented challenges for the coal industry, necessitating a fundamental transformation of traditional business models. In this context, adaptation to the principles of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) becomes a strategic imperative for corporate survival. This study aims to conduct an empirical analysis of the business model transformation processes of leading Russian coal companies within the framework of SDG adaptation. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative content analysis of public disclosures (annual and ESG reports) for the period 2020-2024. Three dominant strategic transformation models were empirically identified and systematized: "Eco-Efficiency and Modernization," "Diversification and Energy Transition," and "Socially-Oriented Restructuring." It was established that most companies' approach to SDG integration remains fragmented rather than systemic. Practices related to SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) are the most comprehensively addressed, while the contribution to achieving SDG 14 (Life Below Water) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality) is minimal. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of an original typology of transformation models and the identification of imbalances in the integration of sustainable development principles specific to the Russian coal industry. The practical significance is defined by the formulation of specific recommendations for company management and government authorities to transition from isolated initiatives to a holistic transformation of business models, aimed at achieving long-term competitiveness in the context of the low-carbon transition.

Ключевые слова

Coal companies, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), business model, transformation, sustainable development, ESG, strategy, corporate social responsibility (CSR).

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