SOCIAL COAL POWER GENERATION: THE PAST AND THE FUTURE

Abstract

Orders of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1152-r dated 04/30/2021 and dated May 31, 2020 are aimed at solving the tasks and objectives of gasification of settlements in the coal regions of Eastern Siberia and the Far East with energy gas from coal and biomass gasification processes. In the 1950s, over 2,500 gas generators and more than 200 gas plants were operating in the USSR, producing over 35 billion cubic meters of gas annually for industries and agriculture. Semi-mechanized gas generators with layered fuel loading were used for coal gasification. In the mid-1970s, the Ts.008 State Program was adopted to create new generation fuels and chemical products from coal by coal gasification. Based on this Program at IGI, Professor M.Ya. Shpirt created a method for selecting brown and hard coals for the effective implementation of gasification processes. The hardware and technological design of these processes required the use of an expensive component in the blast, oxygen, which led to a significant increase in the cost of gas and its inexpediency in these conditions to be used in municipal energy. Therefore, in order to obtain energy gas from coal for the municipal sector, it is clear that it is necessary to develop new approaches to the implementation of this process. Since 2000, a fundamentally new model of coal gasification has been created using fine coal, submicron particles of water-coal fuel as raw materials, direct-flow vortex blowing into a gas generator, the use of a compressor-free air blast, the creation of molecular sieves from coals to enrich the air with oxygen, resin capture systems and their return as a component of water-coal fuel. A number of elements of these approaches and new technology have been tested at coal gasification plants at Tomsk TPP-3, in Omsk at Zhilevskaya OPOF. Further, taking into account this accumulated experimental experience in gasification of coal-water suspension of hard and brown coal, IGI, CJSC Kompomash-TEK and OOO Novye Fizicheskie Principy jointly created the scientific and technological foundations of the waste-free high-temperature gasification of coarse coal in an ultra-superheated steam environment. There are 350 coal seams in Kuzbass, they contain two main ash-forming agents – aluminum and silicon oxides, but with 75% of their content in coal ash, which has been going into landfills for decades. Based on these features of coal and waste, a comprehensive technology is being created for their waste-free conversion into synthesis gas and the parallel production of highly liquid products – various grades of ferrosilicoaluminum and aluminum alloys from the mineral part of coal, with an increase in the cost of the product by 40 times the price of coal, improving the profitability of the coal mining enterprise. State support for the project will serve the interests of the coal industry as the basis for improving the coal industry and replenishing the regional budget. The use of the energy gas produced in generation is one of the solutions to the tension that has arisen in fuel supply programs in Kuzbass – a new approach to social and ration energy supply due to the developed energy system of the region – the urban population is 89%, and the share of the population in the structure of electricity consumption is 10%. The solution to the problems of energy supply to the municipal sector and the creation of domestic low-tonnage production of new types of liquid fuels from coal is indicated in a number of government orders, including the restoration of the Institute of IGI, but the FSUE IGI has not yet begun to implement them. At the same time, the next stage was disrupted – the creation of technology and hardware for the supply of methanated gas from coal to municipal facilities in small settlements in coal regions, since the need for natural gas is often limited to long distances.

Keywords

Gasification, coal, biomass, power gas, methanation, cost, new processes, waste-free gasification, mineral composition of coal, ferrosilicoaluminum, profitability, Institute of Combustible Fossils, social coal power generation, future.

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